Hexapod Robot Movement Control for Uneven Terrain

Yusuf Prasetio, Nuryono Satya Widodo

Abstract


Hexapod robot is a robot that has 6 legs with joints or structures that resemble insect legs. This study uses the inverse kinematic method with the aim of finding points and effectors of the robot's legs that will make the robot's legs pass through uneven obstacles such as uneven flor, stairs, bolong-bolong obstacles, bolong-non-obvious obstacles and non-objective obstacles. This inverse kinematic is accessed with the Open Cm 9.04 microcontroller to control the dynamixel servo on the robot leg. The results of testing the robot's movement using inverse kinematics have succeeded in overcoming uneven obstacles using the inverse kinematic method. For testing the stability of the robot it is still not stable enough because the mechanical part of the foot is still not precise. The conclusion of the study, from 6 trials that average and uneven obstacles were obtained in the range of 85% - 95%. The inverse kinematic method using a proximity sensor on the front of the robot, the average success that can be obtained is in the range of 80% - 90%.

Keywords


Uneven Terrain; INA221; Sharp Gp Sensor; Srf HC-SR04 Sensor; Arduino Due Controler

Full Text:

PDF

References


J. Coelho, F. Ribeiro, B. Dias, G. Lopes, and P. Flores, “Trends in the Control of Hexapod Robots: A Survey,” Robotics, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 100, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10030100.

H. Li et al., “Mechanism design and workspace analysis of a hexapod robot,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 174, p. 104917, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.104917.

J. Niu et al., “Study on structural modeling and kinematics analysis of a novel wheel-legged rescue robot,” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 1729881417752758, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1729881417752758.

Y. Liu, C. Wang, H. Zhang, and J. Zhao, “Research on the Posture Control Method of Hexapod Robot for Rugged Terrain,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 19, p. 6725, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196725.

G. Wang, L. Ding, H. Gao, Z. Deng, Z. Liu and H. Yu, “Minimizing the Energy Consumption for a Hexapod Robot Based on Optimal Force Distribution,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 5393-5406, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962527.

L. Minati, M. Frasca, N. Yoshimura and Y. Koike, “Versatile Locomotion Control of a Hexapod Robot Using a Hierarchical Network of Nonlinear Oscillator Circuits,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 8042-8065, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2799145.

B. Zhong, S. Zhang, M. Xu, Y. Zhou, T. Fang and W. Li, “On a CPG-Based Hexapod Robot: AmphiHex-II With Variable Stiffness Legs,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 542-551, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2018.2800776.

Y. Gao, W. Wei, X. Wang, Y. Li, D. Wang, Q. Yu, “Feasibility, planning and control of ground-wall transition for a suctorial hexapod robot,” Applied Intelligence, vol. 51, pp. 5506–5524, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-020-01955-2.

E. C. Orozco-Magdaleno, F. Gómez-Bravo, E. Castillo-Castañeda and G. Carbone, “Evaluation of Locomotion Performances for a Mecanum-Wheeled Hybrid Hexapod Robot,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1657-1667, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2020.3027259.

M. Khazaee, M. Sadedel, A. Davarpanah, “Behavior-based navigation of an autonomous hexapod robot using a hybrid automaton,” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 102, no. 29, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01388-0.

M. Luneckas et al., “Hexapod Robot Gait Switching for Energy Consumption and Cost of Transport Management Using Heuristic Algorithms,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 1339, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031339.

C.T. Nguyen, et al., “Development of an insect-inspired hexapod robot actuated by soft actuators,” Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, vol. 10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4041258.

H. Navvabi, A. H. Markazi, “New AFSMC method for nonlinear system with state-dependent uncertainty: Application to hexapod robot position control,” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, vol. 95, pp. 61-75, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-018-0850-4.

M. Schilling, K. Konen, F. W. Ohl and T. Korthals, “Decentralized Deep Reinforcement Learning for a Distributed and Adaptive Locomotion Controller of a Hexapod Robot,” 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 5335-5342, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341754.

A. S. Lele, Y. Fang, J. Ting and A. Raychowdhury, “Learning to Walk: Spike Based Reinforcement Learning for Hexapod Robot Central Pattern Generation,” 2020 2nd IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS), pp. 208-212, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/AICAS48895.2020.9073987.

I. Kecskés, Á. Odry, V. Tadić and P. Odry, “Simultaneous Calibration of a Hexapod Robot and an IMU Sensor Model Based on Raw Measurements,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 14887-14898, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3074272.

T. Mwata-Velu, et al., “Motor Imagery Classification Based on a Recurrent-Convolutional Architecture to Control a Hexapod Robot,” Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 606, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060606.

E. C. Orozco-Magdaleno, D. Cafolla, E. Castillo-Castaneda, and G. Carbone, “Static Balancing of Wheeled-legged Hexapod Robots,” Robotics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 23, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics9020023.

K. Takeda and H. Torikai, “A Novel Hardware-Efficient Central Pattern Generator Model Based on Asynchronous Cellular Automaton Dynamics for Controlling Hexapod Robot,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 139609-139624, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3012706.

T. Chen et al., “Design and Control of a Novel Leg-Arm Multiplexing Mobile Operational Hexapod Robot,” in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 382-389, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2021.3127639.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.59247/csol.v1i2.23

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Yusuf Prasetio, Nuryono Satya Widodo

 

Control Systems and Optimization Letters
ISSN: 2985-6116
Website: https://ejournal.csol.or.id/index.php/csol
Email: alfian_maarif@ieee.org
Publisher: Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia
Address: Jl. Empu Sedah No. 12, Pringwulung, Condongcatur, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia